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Personal Communication

(A. Author, personal communication, Month day, year)

Notes

You may need to cite nonretrievable sources in your paper. Private letters, memos, e-mail, personal interviews, and conversations are not findable by your reader. Information gained from such sources as a Facebook profile that is limited to friends only would also fall into this category. Cite these as personal communication in the text of your paper only, not in the reference list.

More Examples

(A. Author, personal communication, Month day, year)

The book is ready (S. Ramdial, personal communication, July 20, 2011).

The first Moog electronic composition by R. Wienhorst (personal communication, March 8, 1969) was performed at the VU Chapel.

Facebook – Status Update

Author, A. (year, month day). Text of status update (first 40 words) [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

More Examples

Author, A. (year, month day). Text of status update (first 40 words) [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

The Library of Congress. (2015, February 13). Coming to our Main Reading Room open house this Monday? Check out our display of presidential food books! http://go.usa.gov/3qw2h [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/libraryofcongress/photos/a.487300093058.258710.90245883058/10152663754298059

Facebook – Page

Author, A. [First name]. (n.d.). Timeline [Facebook page]. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://xxxxx

More Examples

Author, A. [First name]. (n.d.). Timeline [Facebook page]. Retrieved Month day, year, from http://xxxxx

Alvin Sherman Library at Nova Southeastern University. (n.d.). Timeline [Facebook page]. Retrieved June 19, 2014, from http://www.facebook.com/AlvinShermanLibrary

Twitter / Tweet

Author, A. [Screen Name]. (year, month day.) Text of the tweet [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

Notes

If an author is only identifiable by a screen name, that name is used as the author in the reference.

Check out the APA Style Blog for additional information.

More Examples

Author, A. [Screen Name]. (year, month day.) Text of the tweet [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

Obama, M. [MichelleObama]. (2012, June 18). Great teachers make the difference for our kids. Stand with Educators for Obama: http://ofa.bo/vKsR41 [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/michelleobama/status/214804451335217153