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Personal Communication

(A. Author, personal communication, Month day, year)

Notes

You may need to cite nonretrievable sources in your paper. Private letters, memos, e-mail, personal interviews, and conversations are not findable by your reader. Information gained from such sources as a Facebook profile that is limited to friends only would also fall into this category. Cite these as personal communication in the text of your paper only, not in the reference list.

More Examples

(A. Author, personal communication, Month day, year)

The book is ready (S. Ramdial, personal communication, July 20, 2011).

The first Moog electronic composition by R. Wienhorst (personal communication, March 8, 1969) was performed at the VU Chapel.

Message – Posted to an Electronic Mailing List

Author, A. (year, month day). Re: Title of message [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

More Examples

Author, A. (year, month day). Re: Title of message [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

McLeod, S. (2014, March 12). RE: CPS investigator caseloads [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu/cmrlpostings/maillist.html